Articles Comments

Rong Tang's Course Site » LIS532K_Readinglist

LIS532K_Readinglist

LIS532K SPRING 2017 READING LIST

The following is the reading list in addition to the required readings for each session listed on the course schedule. You will choose from this list one item to read.

Note: The extensive reading list below was developed based on the contribution of several IST faculty members.


| Session 2 | Session 3 | Session 4 | Session5 | Session 6 |

| Session 7 | Session 8 | Session 9 | Session 10 | Session 11 | Session 12 |



Session 2 Reading list

  • Information as a concept/construct/framework
    • Ackoff, R. L. (1989). From Data to Wisdom. Journal of Applied Systems analysis, 15, 3-9. (added on 9/10/2015 at the suggestion of IST student Stephen Humeston)
    • Belkin, N.J. (1978). Information concepts for information science. Journal of Documentation, 34(1), 55-85.
    • Capurro, R. & Hjørland, B. (2003). The concept of information. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, 37: 343-411.
    • Collins, A. (2007). From H = log s^n to conceptual framework: A short history of information. History of Psychology, 10(1), 44-72.
    • Bates, M. (2005). Information and knowledge: An evolutionary framework for information science. Information Research, 10(4). http://informationr.net/ir/10-4/paper239.html.
    • Bates, M.J. (2006). Fundamental forms of information. Journal of the American Society for Information Science & Technology, 57(8), 1033-1045.
    • Bates, M. (2008). Hjørland’s critique of Bates’ work on defining information. Journal of American Society for Information Science and Technology 59 (5): 842-844.
    • Bawden, D. (2007). Organised complexity, meaning and understanding: An approach to a unified view of information for information science. Aslib Proceedings, 59(4/5), 307-327.
    • Flooridi, L. (2011). The Philosophy of Information.Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
    • Marchionini, G. (2010). The many meanings of information. In Information Concepts: From Books to Cyberspace Identities. Synthesis Lectures on Information Concepts, Retrieval, and Services, Lecture #16. Morgan & Claypool, 1-10.
    • Losee, R.M. (2010). Information from Processes: The Science of Information. Electronic book, http://ils.unc.edu/~losee/ifp/. (See especially, sections 1.1 and 1.2, pages 13-19.)
    • Pettigrew, K.E., Fidel, R. & Bruce, H. (2001). Conceptual frameworks in information behavior. In M. E. Williams (Ed.), Annual Review of Information Science and Technology 35, 43-78. Medford, NJ: Information Today.
  • Information Science as an academic and scholarly discipline
    • Brookes, B.C. (1980). The foundations of information science: Part I. Philosophical aspects. Journal of Information Science, 2, 125-134.
    • Dillon, A. (2007). Library and information science as a research domain: problems and prospects. Information Research, 12(4), Paper COLIS3. Retrieved from: http://www.informationr.net/ir/12-4/colis/colis03.html
    • Shera, J.H. and Cleveland D. (1977). The History and Foundation of Information Science. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, 12, 250-275.
    • Vakkari, P. (1994). Library and Information Science: Its Content and Scope. In I.P. Godden, Editor, Advances in Librarianship, San Diego: Academic Press.
  • User-centered perspective vs. system-centered perspective (Dervin)

| Return to Class Session by Session Schedule |



Session 3 Reading List

    Principle of least effort

  • Zipf, G.K. (1949). Human Behavior and the Principle of Least Effort: An Introduction to Human Ecology. Cambridge, MA: Addison-Wesley.
  • Case, D.O. (2005). Principle of least effort. In Fisher, K.E., Erdelez, S., & McKechnie, L. (E.F.) (eds.), Theories of Information Behavior. Medford, NJ: Information Today, for ASIST, 289-292.
  • Lafouge, T., & Prime-Claverie, C. (2005). Production and use of information. Characterization of informetric distributions using effort function and density function: Exponential informetric process. Information Processing & Management, 41(6), 1387-1394.
  • Bronstein, J., & Baruchson-Arbib, S. (2008). The application of cost-benefit and least effort theories in studies of information seeking behavior of humanities scholars: the case of Jewish studies scholars in Israel. Journal of Information Science, 34(2), 131-144.

| Return to Class Session by Session Schedule |



Session 4 Reading List

  • Information Context
    • Agarwal, N.K., Xu, Y.(C.) & Poo, D.C.C. (2009). Delineating the boundary of ‘context’ in information behavior: Towards a contextual identity framework. Proceedings of the ASIS&T 2009 Annual Meeting, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, Nov 6-11, 46(1), 1-29.
    • Information Behavior in Science, Technology, Medicine, and Heath
      • Anderson, C., Glassman, M., McAfee, R., & Pinelli, T. (2001). An investigation of factors affecting how engineers and scientists seek information. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management 18 (2): 131-155.
      • Brown, C.M. (1999). Information seeking behavior of scientists in the electronic information age: astronomers, chemists, mathematicians, and physicists. Journal of the American Society for Information Science 50 (10): 929-943.
      • Davis, P.M. (2004). Information-seeking behavior of chemists: a transaction log analysis of referral URLs. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 55(4): 326-332.
      • Ellis, D., Cox, D. & Hall, K. (1993). A comparison of the information seeking patterns of researchers in the physical and social sciences. Journal of Documentation, 49 (4), 356-369.
      • Eysenbach, G., & Kohler, C. (2002, March 9). How do consumers search for and appraise health information on the world wide web? British Medical Journal 324 (7337): 573-577.
      • Gorman, P.N. (1995). Information needs of physicians. Journal of the American Society for Information Science 46 (10): 729-736.
      • Jones, P.H. (2005). Information practices and cognitive artifacts in scientific research. Cognition, Technology and Work 7 (2): 88-100.
      • Rutten L.J.F., Arora N.K., Bakos A.D., Aziz N. & Rowland J. (2005). Information needs and sources of information among cancer patients: a systematic review of research (1980-2003). Patient Education And Counseling 57 (3): 250-261.
    • Information Behavior in Professions and Government
      • Dilevko, J. (2000). “My mother can’t quite understand why I decided to go to library school:” What patrons say about library staff when asking government documents reference questions at depository libraries. Journal of Government Information 27 (3): 299-323.
      • Kuhlthau, C. C. & Tama, S. L. (2001). Information search process of lawyers: A call for ‘just for me’ information services. Journal of Documentation 57 (1): 25-43.
      • Leckie, G. J., Pettigrew, K.E., & Sylvain, C. (1996). Modeling the information seeking of professionals: a general model derived from research on engineers, health care professionals, and lawyers. Library Quarterly 66 (2): 161-193.
      • Veinot, T.C. (2007). “The eyes of the power company”: workplace information practices of a vault inspector. Library Quarterly 77(2): 157-179.
    • Information Behavior in Arts and Humanities
      • Bates, M.J. (2002). The Getty end-user online searching project in the humanities: Report no. 6: Overview and conclusions. College & Research Libraries 57 (6): 514-523.
      • Bates, M. J., Wilde, D.N., & Siegfried, S.L. (1993). An analysis of search terminology used by humanists: the Getty Online Search Project report number 1. Library Quarterly 63 (1): 1-39.
      • Case, D.O. (1991). Conceptual organization and retrieval of text by historians: The role of memory and metaphor. Journal of the American Society for Information Science 42 (9): 672-689.
      • Palmer, C.L., and M. Cragin. (2008). Scholarship and disciplinary practices. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST), Vol. 42: 165-212.
      • Palmer, C.L. & Neumann, L. (2002). The information work of interdisciplinary humanities scholars: exploration and translation. Library Quarterly 72 (January): 85-117.
      • Rimmer, J., Warwick, C., Blandford, A., Gow, J., & Buchanan, G. (2008). An examination of the physical and the digital qualities of humanities research. Information Processing & Management, 44(3), 1374-1392.
      • Ruhleder, K. (1995). Reconstructing artifacts, reconstructing work: From textual edition to on-line databank. Science, Technology, & Human Values 20(1): 39-64.
      • Stefl-Mabry, J. (2005) The reality of media preferences: Do professional groups vary in awareness? Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 56 (13): 1419-1426.
      • Zach, L. (2005). When is “enough” enough? Modeling the information-seeking and stopping behavior of senior arts administrators. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 56 (1): 23-35.
    • Everyday life information seeking (ELIS; Savolainen)
      • Meyers, E.M., K.E. Fisher, E. Marcoux. (2007). Studying the everyday information behavior of tweens: notes from the field. Library & Information Science Research 29: 310-331.
      • Savolainen, R. (1995). Everyday life information seeking: Approaching information seeking in the context of “way of life”. Library & Information Science Research, 17(3), 259-294.
      • Savolainen, R. (2005). Everyday life information seeking. In Fisher, K.E., Erdelez, S., & McKechnie, L. (E.F.) (eds.), Theories of Information Behavior. Medford, NJ: Information Today, 143-148.
      • Agosto, D.E. & Hughes-Hassell, S. (2005). People, places, and questions: an investigation of the everyday life information-seeking behaviors of urban young adults. Library and Information Science Research 27 (12): 141-163.
      • Agosto, D.E., & Hughes-Hassell, S. (2006). Toward a model of the everyday life information needs of urban teenagers, Part 1: Theoretical model. Journal of the American Society for Information Science & Technology, 57(10), 1394-1403.
      • Savolainen, R. (2008). Everyday Information Practices: A Social Phenomenological Perspective. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press.
    • | Return to Class Session by Session Schedule |



      Session 5 Reading List

      • Information Needs (Choose one from this group):
        • Line, M.B. (1974). Draft definitions: information and library needs, wants, demands and uses. Aslib Proceedings, 26(2), 87.
        • Dervin, B., & Nilan, M. (1986). Information needs and uses. Annual Review of Information Science & Technology, 21, 3-33.
        • Cole, C. (2012). Information Need: A Theory Connecting Information Search to Knowledge Formation. Medford, NJ: Information Today, ISBN 978-1-57387-429-8. (Read Introduction, Chapters 1-3)
        • Taylor, R. S. (1968). Question-negotiation and information seeking in libraries. College & Research Libraries, 29(3), 178-194.
        • Belkin, N.J. (1980). Anomalous states of knowledge as a basis for information retrieval. Canadian Journal of Information Science, 5, 133-143.
      • Additional Readings on Anomalous states of knowledge (Belkin)
        • Brooks, H., Oddy, R.N., & Belkin, N.J. (1979). Representing and classifying anomalous states of knowledge. In MacCafferty, M., & Gray, K. (eds.), The Analysis of Meaning. Informatics 5: Proceedings of a Conference Held by the Aslib Informatics Group and the BCS Information Retrieval Specialist Group (March 26-28, 1979, Queen’s College, Oxford). London: Aslib, 227-238.
        • Belkin, N.J., Oddy, R.N., & Brooks, H.M. (1982). ASK for information retrieval: Part I. Background and theory. Journal of Documentation, 38(2), 61-71.
        • Oddy, R.N., Palmquist, R.A., & Crawford, M.A. (1986). Representation of anomalous states of knowledge in information retrieval. ASIS ’86: Proceedings of the 49th ASIS Annual Meeting, 23, 248-254.
        • Belkin, N.J. (2005). Anomalous state of knowledge. In Fisher, K.E., Erdelez, S., & McKechnie, L. (E.F.) (eds.), Theories of Information Behavior. Medford, NJ: Information Today, for ASIST, 44-48.

      | Return to Class Session by Session Schedule |



      Session 6 Reading List

      • A general model of information behavior (Wilson)
        • Wilson, T. (1999). Exploring models of information behaviour: The “Uncertainty” Project. Information Processing & Management, 35(6), 839-850.
        • Wilson, T.D. (1999). Models in information behaviour research. Journal of Documentation, 55(3), 249-270.
        • Wilson, T.D. (2005). Evolution in information behavior modeling: Wilson’s model. In Fisher, K.E., Erdelez, S., & McKechnie, L. (E.F.) (eds.), Theories of Information Behavior. Medford, NJ: Information Today, for ASIST, 31-36.
    • Information search process (ISP) model (Kuhlthau)
      • Kuhlthau, C.C. (1991). Inside the search process: Information seeking from the user’s perspective. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 42(5), 361-371.
      • Kuhlthau, C.C. (1993). Seeking Meaning: A Process Approach to Library and Information Services. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
      • Kuhlthau, C. (1998). Investigating patterns in information seeking: Concepts in context. In Wilson, T.D., & Allen, D.K. (eds.), Exploring the contexts of information behaviour : proceedings of the Second International Conference on Research in Information Needs. Seeking and Use in Different Contexts (August13-15, 1998, Sheffield, UK). Taylor Graham.
      • Kuhlthau, C.C. (2005). Kuhlthau’s information search process. In Fisher, K.E., Erdelez, S., & McKechnie, L. (E.F.) (eds.), Theories of Information Behavior. Medford, NJ: Information Today, for ASIST, 230-234.
      • Kuhlthau, C.C., Heinström, J., & Todd, R.J. (2008). The ‘information search process’ revisited: Is the model still useful? Information Research, 13(4). http://informationr.net/ir/13-4/paper355.html.
    • Sense-Making Theory and Methodology (SMTM; Dervin)
      • Agarwal, N.K. (2012). Making sense of sense-making: tracing the history and development of Dervin’s sense-making methodology. In T. Carbo & T.B. Hahn (Eds.). International perspectives on the history of information science & technology: proceedings of the ASIS&T 2012 Pre-Conference on the History of ASIS&T and Information Science and Technology. (pp. 61-73). Medford, NJ: Information Today
      • Dervin, B. (1992). From the mind’s eye of the user: The sense-making qualitative-quantitative methodology. In Glazier, J.D., & Powell, R.R. (eds.), Qualitative Research in Information Management. Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited, 61-84.
      • Savolainen, R. (1993). The sense-making theory: Reviewing the interests of a user-centered approach to information seeking and use. Information Processing & Management, 29(1), 13-28.
      • Dervin, B. (1998). Sense-making theory and practice: An overview of user interests in knowledge seeking and use. JOurnal of Knowledge Management, 2(2), 36-46.
      • Devin, B. (1999). On studying information seeking methodologically: The implications of connecting metatheory to method. Information Processing & Management, 35(6), 727-750.
      • Dervin, B.; Frenette, M. (2001). Sense-Making Methodology: Communicating communicatively with campaign audiences. In Rice, R.; Atkin, C. K. (eds.), Public Communication Campaigns. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 69-87.
      • Dervin, B., & Foreman-Wernet, L. (with Lauterbach, E.) (eds.). (2003). Sense-Making Methodology Reader: Selected Writings of Brenda Dervin. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.
      • Savolainen, R. (2006). Information use as gap-bridging: The viewpoint of sense-making methodology. Journal of the American Society for Information Science & Technology, 57(8), 1116-1125.
      • Tidline, T.J. (2005). Dervin’s sense-making. In Fisher, K.E., Erdelez, S., & McKechnie, L. (E.F.) (eds.), Theories of Information Behavior. Medford, NJ: Information Today, 113-117.
    • Information seeking model (Ellis)
      • Ellis, D. (1993). Modelling the information seeking patterns of academic researchers: A grounded theory approach. Library Quarterly, 63(4), 469-486.
      • Ellis, D., Cox, D., & Hall, K. (1993). A comparison of the information seeking patterns of researchers in the physical and social sciences. Journal of Documentation, 49(4), 356-369.
      • Ellis, D., & Haugan, M. (1997). Modelling the information seeking patterns of engineers and research scientists in an industrial environment. Journal of Documentation, 53(4), 384-403.
      • Meho, L.I, & Tibbo, H.R. (2003). Modeling the information-seeking behavior of social scientists: Ellis’s study revisited. Journal of the American Society for Information Science & Technology, 54(6), 570-587.
      • Ellis, D. (2005). Ellis’s model of information-seeking behavior. In Fisher, K.E., Erdelez, S., & McKechnie, L. (E.F.) (eds.), Theories of Information Behavior. Medford, NJ: Information Today, 138-142.
      • Leckie, G.J. (2005). General model of the information seeking of professionals. In Fisher, K.E., Erdelez, S., & McKechnie, L. (E.F.) (eds.), Theories of Information Behavior. Medford, NJ: Information Today, for ASIST, 158-163.

    | Return to Class Session by Session Schedule |



    Session 7 Reading List

    • Information encountering and Serendipity (Erdelez)
      • Agarwal, N.K. (2015). Towards a Definition of Serendipity in Information Behaviour. Information Research. http://www.informationr.net/ir/20-3/paper675.html#.Vg3ZXOxViko
      • Erdelez, S. (1996). Information encountering: A conceptual framework for accidental information discovery. In Vakkari, P., Savolainen, R., & Dervin, B. (eds.), Information Seeking in Context. Proceedings of an International Conference on Research in Information Needs, Seeking and Use in Different Contexts. London: Taylor Graham, 412-421.
      • Erdelez, S. (1999). Information encountering: It’s more than just bumping into information. Bulletin of ASIST, 25(3), 25-29.
      • Erdelez, S., & Rioux, K. (2000). Sharing information encountered for others on the Web. New Review of Information Behaviour Research, 1, 219-233.
      • Erdelez, S. (2004). Investigation of information encountering in the controlled research environment. Information Processing & Management, 40(6), 1013-1025.
      • Erdelez, S. (2005). Information encountering. In Fisher, K.E., Erdelez, S., & McKechnie, L. (E.F.) (eds.), Theories of Information Behavior. Medford, NJ: Information Today, 179-184.
      • Heinström, J. (2006). Psychological factors behind incidental information acquisition. Library & Information Science Research, 28(4), 579-594.
      • Pasldottir, A. (2010). The connection between purposive information seeking and information encountering: A study of Icelanders’ health and lifestyle information seeking. Journal of Documentation, 66(2), 224-244.
    • Information Horizons (Sonnenwald)
      • Savolainen, R., & Kari, J. (2004). Placing the Internet in information source horizons: A study of information seeking by Internet users in the context of self-development. Library & Information Science Research, 26, 415-433.
      • Sonnenwald, D. H. (1999). Evolving Perspectives of Human Information Behavior: Contexts, Situation, Social Networks and Information Horizons. In: Exploring the Contexts of Information Behavior: Proceedings of the Second International Conference in Information Needs. Taylor Graham, pp. 176-190.
      • Sonnenwald, D. H., Wildemuth, B. M., & Harmon G. L. (2001). A research method to investigate information seeking using the concept of information horizons: an example from a study of lower socio-economic students’ information seeking behavior. The New Review of Information Behavior Research, 2, 65-86.
      • Sonnenwald, D. H. (2005). Information horizons. In K. Fisher, S. Erdelez, & L. McKechnie (Eds.), Theories of Information Behavior: A Researcher’s Guide , 191-197. Medford, NJ: Information Today.
    • Information poverty (Chatman)
      • Chatman, E.A., & Pendleton, E.M. (1995). Knowledge gap, information seeking and the poor. Reference Librarian, 49/50, 135-145.
      • Chatman, E.A. (1996). The impoverished life-world of outsiders. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 47(3), 193-206.
      • Hersberger, J. (2003). Are the economically poor information poor? Does the digital divide affect the homeless and access to information? Canadian Journal of Information and Library Science, 27(3), 45-63.
      • Britz, J.J. (2004). To know or not to know: A moral reflection on information poverty. Journal of Information Science, 30(3), 192-204.
      • Hersberger, J. (2005). Chatman’s information poverty. In Fisher, K.E., Erdelez, S., & McKechnie, L. (E.F.) (eds.), Theories of Information Behavior. Medford, NJ: Information Today, 75-78.
      • Haider, J., & Bawden, D. (2007). Conceptions of ‘information poverty’ in LIS: A discourse analysis. Journal of Documentation, 63(4), 534-557.
      • Thompson, K.M. (2009). Remembering Elfreda Chatman, a champion of theory development in library and information science education. Journal of Education for Library and Information Science, 50(2), 119-126.
      • Fulton, C. (2010). An ordinary life in the round: Elfreda Annmary Chatman. Libraries & the Cultural Record, 45(2), 238-259.
      • Yu, L. (2006). Understanding information inequality: Making sense of the literature of the information and digital divides. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 38(4), 229-252. (Added on 10/14/2015 at the suggestion of IST student Jonathan Golden)

    | Return to Class Session by Session Schedule |



    Session 8 Reading List

      Session 8 Additional Reading

    • Bawden, D., & Robinson, L. (2005). The dark side of information: Overload, anxiety and other paradoxes and pathologies. Journal of Information Science, 35(2), 180-191



    Session 9 Reading List

    • Fisher, K. E., Erdelez, S., & McKechnie, E. F. (Eds.). (2005). Theories of information behavior. p. 104-107.
    • Foster, J. (2006). Collaborative information seeking and retrieval. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, 40, 329-356.
    • González-Ibáñez, R., Haseki, M., & Shah, C. (2013). Let’s search together, but not too close! An analysis of communication and performance in collaborative information seeking. Information Processing & Management, 49(5), 1165-1179.
    • Shah, C. (2012). Collaborative Information Seeking: 34 (1 edition.). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
    • Tang, R. & Quigley, E. (2014). Dyadic diversity attributes on interactive tabletop collaboration, performance, and perception. Proceedings of iConference 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/47324

    | Return to Class Session by Session Schedule |



    Session 10 Reading List

      Session 10 Further Readings

    • Models of interactive information retrieval
      • Baeza-Yates, R., & Riberiro-Neto, B. (2011). Modern information retrieval: The concepts and technology behind search (2nd Ed.). New York: Addison-Wesley.
    • Cognitive models of information seeking and retrieval
      • Ingwersen, P. (1982). Search procedures in the library–Analyzed from the cognitive point of view. Journal of Documentation, 38(3), 165-191.
    • Relevance as a theoretical construct
      • Tang, R., Vevea, J. L., & Shaw, W. M., Jr. (1999). Towards the identification of the optimal number of relevance categories. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 50(3), 254-264.
      • Saracevic, T. (1975). Relevance: A review of and a framework for the thinking on the notion in information science. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 26(6), 321-343.
      • Saracevic, T. (2007). Relevance: A review of the literature and a framework for thinking on the notion in information science. Part II: Nature and manifestations of relevance. Journal of the American Society for Information Science & Technology, 58(13), 1915-1933.
      • Saracevic, T. (2007). Relevance: A review of the literature and a framework for thinking on the notion in information science. Part III: Behavior and effects of relevance. Journal of the American Society for Information Science & Technology, 58(13), 2126-2144.
    • Information Design: HCI and Usability
      • Rubin, J., & Chisnell, D. (2008). Handbook of usability testing: How to plan, design and conduct effective tests (2nd Ed.). Indianapolis, IN: Wiley.
      • Goodman, E., Kuniavsky, M., & Moed, A. (2012). Observing the user experience: A practitioner’s guide to user research. (2nd Ed.) San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann.
      • Tullis, T., & Albert, B. (2008). Measuring the user experience: Collecting, analyzing and presenting usability metrics. Boston, MA: Morgan Kaufmann. Chapter 3-4.
      • Agarwal, N.K. (2014). Use of touch devices by toddlers and preschoolers: Observations and findings from a single-case study. In Bilal, D. and Beheshti, J. (Eds.) New Directions in Children and Adolescents’ Information Behavior Research (pp. 3-38), Library and Information Science, 10, Emerald Group publishing Limited.

    | Return to Class Session by Session Schedule |



    Session 11 Reading List

      Session 11 Further Readings

    • Information Use
      • Palmquist, R.A. (2005). Taylor’s information use environments. In Fisher, K.E., Erdelez, S., & McKechnie, L. (E.F.) (eds.), Theories of Information Behavior. Medford, NJ: Information Today, for ASIST, 354-357.
    • Community Informatics
      • Readings TBA

    | Return to Class Session by Session Schedule |



    Session 12 Reading List

      Session 12 Further Readings

    • Information Visualization
      • Readings TBA
    • Jansen, B. J. (2009). Understanding user-web interactions via web analytics. Morgan & Claypool. Chapters 4, 5, & 9
    • Tullis, T., & Albert, B. (2008). Measuring the user experience: Collecting, analyzing and presenting usability metrics. Boston, MA: Morgan Kaufmann. Chapter 9

    • | Overview | Description | Materials | Assignments | Schedule | Ethics |

      © Rong Tang 2017